Atomic # |
Symbol |
Name |
Common Uses |
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40 | Zr | Zirconium | Chemical pipelines, nuclear reactors, furnace bricks, abrasives, zircon gems |
30 | Zn | Zinc | Galvanized steel, brass, batteries, white paint, phosphors in tvs and lamps, fertilizer |
70 | Yb | Ytterbium | Fiber optic signal amplifiers, infrared fiber lasers, stainless steel alloys |
39 | Y | Yttrium | Phosphors in color tvs, lasers, furnace bricks, high-temperature superconductors |
54 | Xe | Xenon | Lamps, headlights, stadium lamps, projectors, strobes, lasers, spacecraft ion engines |
74 | W | Tungsten | Filaments in lamps and tvs, cutting tools, abrasives, thermocouples |
23 | V | Vanadium | Steel, structures, vehicles, springs, driveshafts, tools, aerospace |
92 | U | Uranium | Nuclear reactor fuel, nuclear weapons, counterweights, armor-piercing bullets |
117 | Ts | Tennessine | Scientific study |
69 | Tm | Thulium | Infrared lasers, laser surgery, phosphors |
81 | Tl | Thallium | Low-mp mercury alloys, low-temperature thermometers, undersea lamps, photocells |
22 | Ti | Titanium | Aerospace, racing bikes, artificial joints, white paint |
90 | Th | Thorium | Nuclear reactor fuel, gas lamp mantles, tungsten filaments |
52 | Te | Tellurium | Alloys, semiconductors, photocopiers, computer disk, thermo-electric coolers and generators |
43 | Tc | Technetium | Medical diagnostic tracer |
65 | Tb | Terbium | Phosphors in tvs & trichromatic fluorescent lamps, computer disks, magnetostrictive materials |
73 | Ta | Tantalum | Labware, surgical tools, artificial joints, capacitors, mobile phones |
38 | Sr | Strontium | Red fireworks, flares, phosphors, nuclear batteries, medical diagnostic tracer |
50 | Sn | Tin | Solders, plated food cans, bronze, pewter cups, glassmaking, fire sprinklers |
62 | Sm | Samarium | Magnets, electric motors, speakers and headphones, infrared sensors, infrared-absorbing glass |
14 | Si | Silicon | Ceramics, glass, semiconductors, computer chips, silicone rubber |
106 | Sg | Seaborgium | Scientific study |
34 | Se | Selenium | Semiconductors, photocopiers, laser printers, photocells, red glass, dandruff shampoo, rubber |
21 | Sc | Scandium | Aluminum alloys, racing bikes, stadium lamps, furnace bricks |
51 | Sb | Antimony | Solders, lead hardener, batteries, bullet, semiconductors, photocells, matches, flame retardant |
16 | S | Sulfur | Gypsum, rubber, acids, papermaking |
44 | Ru | Ruthenium | Electric contacts, leaf switches, pen tips, catalyst, hydrogen production |
86 | Rn | Radon | Surgical implants for cancer treatment |
45 | Rh | Rhodium | Labware, reflectors, electric contacts, thermocouples, catalyst, pollution control |
111 | Rg | Roentgenium | Scientific study |
104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | Scientific study |
75 | Re | Rhenium | Rocket engines, heater coils, laboratory filaments, electric contacts, thermocouples, catalyst |
37 | Rb | Rubidium | Atomic clocks, global navigation (GPS), vacuum tube scavenger |
88 | Ra | Radium | Luminous watches, medical radon production, radiography |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | Nuclear reactor fuel, nuclear weapons |
78 | Pt | Platinum | Labware, spark plugs, catalyst, pollution control, petroleum cracking, processing fats |
59 | Pr | Praseodymium | Torchworker didymium eyeglasses, lighter flints, arc lamps, magnets, yellow glass |
84 | Po | Polonium | Anti-static brushes, tobacco |
61 | Pm | Promethium | Luminous dials, sheet thickness gauges |
46 | Pd | Palladium | Labware, electric contacts, dentistry, catalyst, pollution control |
82 | Pb | Lead | Weights, solders, batteries, bullets, crystal glass, old plumbing, radiation shield |
91 | Pa | Protactinium | Scientific study |
15 | P | Phosphorus | Fertilizer, acids, detergents, matches |
76 | Os | Osmium | Electric contacts, pen tips, needles, fingerprint powder |
118 | Og | Oganesson | Scientific study |
8 | O | Oxygen | Combustion, life support, fire |
93 | Np | Neptunium | Neutron detectors, dosimeters, possibly nuclear weapons |
102 | No | Nobelium | Scientific study |
28 | Ni | Nickel | Stainless steel, kitchenware, nichrome heaters, coins, nicad batteries |
113 | Nh | Nihonium | Scientific study |
10 | Ne | Neon | Advertising signs, lasers, supercold refrigerant |
60 | Nd | Neodymium | Strong magnets, electric motors, speakers and headphones, lasers, lighter flints |
41 | Nb | Niobium | Chemical pipelines, superconductors, magnetic levitation trains, MRI magnets |
11 | Na | Sodium | Baking soda, antacids, lye, soap, soda ash, glass, papermaking, street lamps |
7 | N | Nitrogen | Ammonia, fertilizer, explosives (TNT), refrigerants |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Scientific study |
42 | Mo | Molybdenum | Hard steel, cutting tools, drill bits, armor plate, gun barrels, fertilizer |
25 | Mn | Manganese | Hard tough steel, earthmovers, rock crushers, rails, plows, axes, batteries, fertilizer |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | Aluminum alloys, cars, planes, bikes, flares, sparklers, antacids |
101 | Md | Mendelevium | Scientific study |
115 | Mc | Moscovium | Scientific study |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | Scientific study |
71 | Lu | Lutertium | Cancer-fighting photodynamic (light-activated) medicine |
103 | Lr | Lawrencium | Scientific study |
3 | Li | Lithium | Aluminum alloys, batteries, impact-resistant ceramic cookware, mood stabilizer |
57 | La | Lanthanum | Optical glass, telescope eyepieces, camera lenses, lighter flints, arc lamps |
36 | Kr | Krypton | High-intensity lamps, headlights, flashlights, lanterns, neon tubes, lasers |
19 | K | Potassium | Soap, fertilizer, potash, matches, gunpowder |
77 | Ir | Iridium | Labware, spark plugs, pen tips, needles |
49 | In | Indium | Solders, glass seals, glass coatings, liquid crystal displays, semiconductors, diodes, photocells |
53 | I | Iodine | Disinfectant for wounds & drinking water, added to salt for thyroid disease, photo film |
108 | Hs | Hassium | Scientific study |
67 | Ho | Holmium | Infrared lasers, laser surgery, eye-safe laser rangefinders, computer disks, yellow glass filters |
80 | Hg | Mercury | Thermometers, barometers, thermostats, street lamps, fluorescent lamps, dentistry |
72 | Hf | Hafnium | Nuclear reactor control rods in submarines, plasma torch electrodes |
2 | He | Helium | Balloons, lasers, supercold refrigerant, cooling of MRI detectors |
1 | H | Hydrogen | Production of Ammonia, Hydrogenation of organic compounds, liquid Hydrogen fuel |
32 | Ge | Germanium | Semiconductors, transistors, rectifiers, diodes, photocells, lenses, infrared windows |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancer, phosphors, neutron radiography |
31 | Ga | Gallium | Semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, signal lights, tiny lasers |
87 | Fr | Francium | Studied in laser atom traps |
100 | Fm | Fermium | Scientific study |
114 | Fl | Flerovium | Scientific study |
26 | Fe | Iron | Steel alloys, structures, vehicles, magnets |
9 | F | Fluorine | Glowing fluorite, toothpaste, nonstick cookware, CFC refrigerants |
63 | Eu | Europium | Phosphors in color tvs and trichromatic fluorescent lamps, luminous paint, lasers |
99 | Es | Einsteintium | Scientific study |
68 | Er | Erbium | Fiber optic signal amplifiers, IR lasers, laser surgery, pink glass, sunglasses, vanadium alloys |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | Nuclear control rods, MRI phosphors, computer disks, magnetostrictive materials |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | Scientific study |
105 | Db | Dubnium | Scientific study |
29 | Cu | Copper | Wires, cookware, brass, bronze, coins, pipes |
55 | Cs | Cesium | Atomic clocks, global navigation (GPS), vacuum tube scavenger |
24 | Cr | Chromium | Stainless steel, kitchenware, nichrome heaters, car trim, paints, recording tape |
27 | Co | Cobalt | Hard strong steel, cutting tools, turbines, magnets, blue glass and ceramics |
112 | Cn | Copernicium | Scientific study |
96 | Cm | Curium | Scientific instruments, mineral analyzers |
17 | Cl | Chlorine | Bleach, disinfectant, drinking water, swimming pools, PVC plastic pipes and bottles |
98 | Cf | Californium | Scientific instruments, mineral analyzers |
58 | Ce | Cerium | Lighter flints, arc lamps, gas lamp mantles, self-cleaning ovens, glass polishing |
48 | Cd | Cadmium | Electroplated steel, nicad batteries, red and yellow paints, fire sprinklers |
20 | Ca | Calcium | Chalk, gypsum, plaster, mortar, cement, antacids |
6 | C | Carbon | Carbon fiber, pencils, wood, paper, cloth, plastic, coal, oil |
35 | Br | Bromine | Disinfectant, pools and spas, photo film, flame retardant, leaded gas, sedatives |
97 | Bk | Berkelium | Scientific study |
83 | Bi | Bismuth | Solders, fuses, fire sprinklers, cosmetics pigment |
107 | Bh | Bohrium | Scientific study |
4 | Be | Beryllium | Non-sparking copper alloy tools, aerospace, X-Ray windows |
56 | Ba | Barium | Stomach X-Ray contrast enhancer, green fireworks, whitener and filler for paper |
5 | B | Boron | Soap, fertilizer, fibers, sports equipment, heat-resistant borosilicate glass, semiconductors |
79 | Au | Gold | Jewelry, coins, ultra-thin gold leaf, electric contacts |
85 | At | Astatine | Cancer medicine |
33 | As | Arsenic | Poisons, semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, signal lights, tiny lasers |
18 | Ar | Argon | Light bulbs, neon tubes, lasers, welding gas |
95 | Am | Americium | Smoke detectors, sheet thickness gauges |
13 | Al | Aluminum | Kitcheware, cans, foil, machinery, cars, planes, bikes, ceramics, corundum, gems |
47 | Ag | Silver | Jewelry, silverware, coins, dentistry, photo film |
89 | Ac | Actinium | Cancer medicine, neutron source |