Gd	Z =  64	◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊	Gadolinium
			Named after chemist  "Johan Gadolin"
(AM) Atomic Mass	157.25  amu	♦	Oxidation States	+3
(BP) Boiling Point	3233  °C	♦	(MP) Melting Point	1311  °C
(ρ) Density	7.89  g/cm3	♦	Crystal Structure	Hexagonal
( χ ) Electronegativity	1.1	♦	(AR) Atomic Radius	1.61  Å
Physical State	Solid	♦	(C) Heat Capacity	0.236  J/g °C
Electronic-Config	[Xe]  4f7 5d1 6s2	♦	(I1) First Ionization E	593.38  kJ/mol
(ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization	301.3  kJ/mol	♦	(ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion	10.05  kJ/mol
Year of Discovery	1880	♦	Location of Discovery	Switzerland
(E°) Standard Potential	Gd3+⇔ Gd (-2.279 V)
Stable isotopes	154Gd  155Gd  156Gd  157Gd  158Gd  160Gd
Discovered/Synthesized by	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Natural Source	The mineral/ore bastnasite, monazite, loparite
Common Uses	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancer, phosphors, neutron radiography
Other Info	Bright, soft, silvery-white metal that is both ductile and malleable.
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