O
Z =
8
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Oxygen
From the Greek "
oxy geinomai
", meaning "
to bring forth acid
"
(AM) Atomic Mass
15.9994 amu
♦
Oxidation States
-2
(BP) Boiling Point
-182.9  °C
♦
(MP) Melting Point
-218.4 °C
(ρ) Density
0.001429 g/cm
3
♦
Crystal Structure
Cubic
( χ ) Electronegativity
3.5
♦
(AR) Atomic Radius
0.73  Å
Physical State
Gas
♦
(C) Heat Capacity
0.918 J/g °C
Electronic-Config
1s
2
  2s
2
  2p
4
 
♦
(
I
1
) First Ionization E
1313.93 kJ/mol
(ΔH
vap
) Heat of Vaporization
6.82 kJ/mol
♦
(ΔH
fus
) Heat of Fusion
0.444 kJ/mol
Year of Discovery
1774
♦
Location of Discovery
United Kingdom
(E°) Standard Potential
1/2 O
2
+ 2 H
+
⇔ H
2
O (1.230 V),  O
3
+ 2 H
+
⇔ O
2
+ H
2
O (2.070 V)
Stable isotopes
 
16
O,  
17
O,  
18
O
Discovered/Synthesized by
Joseph Priestley
Natural Source
Isolated from the liquifaction of air
Common Uses
Combustion, life support, fire
Other Info
Third most abundant element in the universe
Exists in nature as the diatomic molecule O
2
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