Ru	Z =  44	◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊	Ruthenium
			From the Latin "Ruthenia", meaning "Russia"
(AM) Atomic Mass	101.07  amu	♦	Oxidation States	+3, +4, +6, +8
(BP) Boiling Point	3900  °C	♦	(MP) Melting Point	2310  °C
(ρ) Density	12.1  g/cm3	♦	Crystal Structure	Hexagonal
( χ ) Electronegativity	2.2	♦	(AR) Atomic Radius	1.26  Å
Physical State	Solid	♦	(C) Heat Capacity	0.238  J/g °C
Electronic-Config	[Kr]  4d7  5s1	♦	(I1) First Ionization E	711.09  kJ/mol
(ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization	591.6  kJ/mol	♦	(ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion	38.59  kJ/mol
Year of Discovery	1844	♦	Location of Discovery	Russia
(E°) Standard Potential	None
Stable isotopes	100Ru,  101Ru,  102Ru,  104Ru,  96Ru,  98Ru,  99Ru
Discovered/Synthesized by	Karl Karlovich Klaus
Natural Source	Isolated from the native elements or alloys of the various elements or arsenides
Common Uses	Electric contacts, leaf switches, pen tips, catalyst, hydrogen production
Other Info	Included in the tips of ballpoints of Parker pens
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