BZ =  5



Boron
From the Persian "buraq"
(AM) Atomic Mass 10.811  amu    Oxidation States +3
   (BP) Boiling Point 2550  °C    (MP) Melting Point 2300  °C
   (ρ) Density 2.35  g/cm3    Crystal Structure Tetragonal
   ( χ ) Electronegativity 2    (AR) Atomic Radius 0.82  Å
   Physical State Solid (C) Heat Capacity 1.026  J/g °C
Electronic-Config 1s2  2s2  2p1     (I1) First Ionization E 800.63  kJ/mol
   (ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization 480  kJ/mol     (ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion 50.2  kJ/mol
   Year of Discovery 1808    Location of Discovery England
(E°) Standard Potential B(OH)3 + 3 H+⇔ B + 3 H2O (-0.870 V)
Stable isotopes  10B,  11B
Discovered/Synthesized by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis-Jaques Thénard, Sir Humphry Davy
Natural Source The mineral/ore borax, colemanite, kernite, ulexite
Common Uses Soap, fertilizer, fibers, sports equipment, heat-resistant borosilicate glass, semiconductors
Other Info Makes glass oven proof
Second hardest of the elements
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