B | Z = 5 | ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ |
Boron | |
From the Persian "buraq" | ||||
(AM) Atomic Mass | 10.811 amu | ♦ | Oxidation States | +3 |
(BP) Boiling Point | 2550  °C | ♦ | (MP) Melting Point | 2300 °C |
(ρ) Density | 2.35 g/cm3 | ♦ | Crystal Structure | Tetragonal |
( χ ) Electronegativity | 2 | ♦ | (AR) Atomic Radius | 0.82  Å |
Physical State | Solid | ♦ | (C) Heat Capacity | 1.026 J/g °C |
Electronic-Config | 1s2  2s2  2p1  | ♦ | (I1) First Ionization E | 800.63 kJ/mol |
(ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization | 480 kJ/mol | ♦ | (ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol |
Year of Discovery | 1808 | ♦ | Location of Discovery | England |
(E°) Standard Potential | B(OH)3 + 3 H+⇔ B + 3 H2O (-0.870 V) | |||
Stable isotopes |  10B,  11B | |||
Discovered/Synthesized by | Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis-Jaques Thénard, Sir Humphry Davy | |||
Natural Source | The mineral/ore borax, colemanite, kernite, ulexite | |||
Common Uses | Soap, fertilizer, fibers, sports equipment, heat-resistant borosilicate glass, semiconductors | |||
Other Info | Makes glass oven proof Second hardest of the elements |
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