PrZ =  59



Praseodymium
From the Greek "prasios didymos", meaning "green twin"
(AM) Atomic Mass 140.9077  amu    Oxidation States +3
   (BP) Boiling Point 3212  °C    (MP) Melting Point 931  °C
   (ρ) Density 6.77  g/cm3    Crystal Structure Hexagonal
   ( χ ) Electronegativity 1.1    (AR) Atomic Radius 1.65  Å
   Physical State Solid (C) Heat Capacity 0.193  J/g °C
Electronic-Config [Xe]  4f3  6s2     (I1) First Ionization E 526.81  kJ/mol
   (ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization 331  kJ/mol     (ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion 6.89  kJ/mol
   Year of Discovery 1885    Location of Discovery Austria
(E°) Standard Potential Pr2+⇔ Pr (-2.000 V),   Pr3+⇔ Pr (-2.353 V)
Stable isotopes  141Pr
Discovered/Synthesized by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach
Natural Source The mineral/ore bastnasite, monazite, loparite
Common Uses Torchworker didymium eyeglasses, lighter flints, arc lamps, magnets, yellow glass
Other Info Used in goggles for welders
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