Hf	Z =  72	◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊	Hafnium
			From the Latin "Hafnia", meaning "Copenhagen"
(AM) Atomic Mass	178.49  amu	♦	Oxidation States	+4
(BP) Boiling Point	4602  °C	♦	(MP) Melting Point	2227  °C
(ρ) Density	13.1  g/cm3	♦	Crystal Structure	Hexagonal
( χ ) Electronegativity	1.3	♦	(AR) Atomic Radius	1.5  Å
Physical State	Solid	♦	(C) Heat Capacity	0.144  J/g °C
Electronic-Config	[Xe]  4f14  5d2  6s2	♦	(I1) First Ionization E	641.63  kJ/mol
(ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization	571  kJ/mol	♦	(ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion	27.2  kJ/mol
Year of Discovery	1923	♦	Location of Discovery	Denmark
(E°) Standard Potential	HfO(OH)2 + H2O⇔ Hf + 4 OH- (-2.500 V)
Stable isotopes	176Hf,  177Hf,  178Hf,  179Hf,  180Hf
Discovered/Synthesized by	Dirk Coster, Charles de Hevesy
Natural Source	The mineral/ore zircon
Common Uses	Nuclear reactor control rods in submarines, plasma torch electrodes
Other Info	High-performance electrical insulator
Previous Element				Next Element
Back to Table				Common Properties
Home Page				Definitions