TlZ =  81



Thallium
From the Greek "thallos", meaning "green twig"
(AM) Atomic Mass 204.38  amu    Oxidation States +1, +3
   (BP) Boiling Point 1473  °C    (MP) Melting Point 304  °C
   (ρ) Density 11.85  g/cm3    Crystal Structure Hexagonal
   ( χ ) Electronegativity 1.62    (AR) Atomic Radius 1.48  Å
   Physical State Solid (C) Heat Capacity 0.129  J/g °C
Electronic-Config [Xe]  4f14  5d10  6s2  6p1     (I1) First Ionization E 589.33  kJ/mol
   (ΔHvap) Heat of Vaporization 165  kJ/mol     (ΔHfus) Heat of Fusion 4.14  kJ/mol
   Year of Discovery 1861    Location of Discovery England
(E°) Standard Potential Tl+⇔ Tl (-0.340 V),   Tl3+⇔ Tl (0.720 V)
Stable isotopes  203Tl,  205Tl
Discovered/Synthesized by Sir William Crookes
Natural Source Isolated by the recoverey from processing copper, lead and zinc ores
Common Uses Low-mp mercury alloys, low-temperature thermometers, undersea lamps, photocells
Other Info Most toxic of all the elements
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